Single Crystals

Single crystals are materials in which the crystal lattice is continuous and unbroken across the entire sample, with no grain boundaries. This uniformity gives single crystals superior optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties compared to polycrystalline or amorphous materials.
Single Crystals from Tinsan Materials
They are essential in high-precision optical systems, semiconductor applications, and laser devices due to their structural integrity, high purity, and excellent transmission characteristics. Our single crystals are carefully grown and processed to meet strict industrial and scientific requirements.

Material Types

Tinsan Materials provides a broad range of oxide, halide, and fluoride single crystals, as well as laser crystals. Our most commonly supplied materials include:
Sapphire (Al₂O₃) – Ultra-hard, optically transparent across a wide spectrum YAG (Y₃Al₅O₁₂) – Ideal as laser host and optical substrate GGG, SGGG – Used in magneto-optical and microwave devices Nd:YAG, Tm:YAG, Er:YAG – Key materials in solid-state lasers CaF₂, BaF₂, MgF₂ – Excellent for UV and IR optics LBO, KTP, BBO – Nonlinear optics and crystals
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These materials serve a wide variety of functions in lasers, detectors, lenses, substrates, and more. We also offer crystal growth for specialty materials upon request.

Growth Techniques

We utilize proven and advanced crystal growth technologies to ensure the highest crystalline quality and repeatability. Common growth methods include:
Czochralski (CZ) – High-quality boules for materials like YAG and GGG Bridgman & Vertical Gradient Freeze (VGF) – Used for halide and fluoride crystals Verneuil (Flame Fusion) – For fast-growth sapphire Flux and Hydrothermal – For more complex or low-temperature crystals
Each method is selected based on the material’s chemistry, desired purity, and application needs. Crystal orientation, size, and defect density are tightly controlled throughout the process.
Growth Techniques

Crystallographic Orientation

To suit diverse optical, electronic, or laser system requirements, we offer crystals with customized crystallographic orientations, including:
<100> / <110> / <111> and others as specified Orientation accuracy up to ±0.5° or tighter Confirmed via X-ray diffraction or Laue back-reflection methods
Different orientations influence optical anisotropy, thermal expansion, and refractive properties — all critical in high-performance systems.

Shapes and Dimensions

Our single crystals are available in a wide range of shapes and sizes, including:
Rod, cube, disc, wafer, and prism forms Diameter up to 100 mm, with custom thicknesses and lengths Polished, lapped, or as-grown surfaces Square or round substrates, or custom-cut blanks
All geometry is tailored for downstream applications such as coating, slicing, wafer bonding, or direct integration into optical systems.

Optical and Mechanical Properties

Single crystals offer excellent transmission in designated wavelength ranges and exceptional mechanical strength. Key properties include:
High transmittance from deep UV to far IR depending on material Thermal stability and high melting points (especially sapphire, YAG) Hardness and scratch resistance – crucial in high-pressure or optical wear environments Low internal defects and high homogeneity
These characteristics make our single crystals the preferred choice for applications where durability, clarity, and precision are paramount.

Surface Processing & Coating

We offer customized surface finishes to meet your integration needs:
Double-sided polishing (DSP) with high flatness (λ/4 or better) As-cut, lapped, or AR-coated surfaces available Coating compatibility for dielectric, metallic, or multilayer films
All polishing processes ensure minimal sub-surface damage and surface roughness suitable for high-end optics or epitaxial growth.
Laser System

Applications

Our single crystals serve critical roles across multiple sectors, including:
Laser Systems – Laser gain media and Q-switching substrates Infrared & Visible Optics – Windows, lenses, prisms, filters Semiconductor Research – Substrates for epitaxial deposition Aerospace & Defense – Radiation-hardened optics and sensors Medical & Bio-Imaging – Scintillators and precision windows Quantum & Photonic Devices – High-purity components for cutting-edge research
We work with clients to deliver tailored crystal solutions that enable new technologies and innovations.

Quality Assurance & Testing

Every crystal undergoes rigorous inspection and testing prior to shipment:
X-ray diffraction for orientation and crystallinity Transmission spectra to verify optical quality Microscopy for surface and defect inspection EPD (etch pit density) where applicable Packaging in clean, anti-static, vacuum-sealed containers
Our process ensures consistent quality across batches and full traceability for critical applications.